Hello! everyone!
I think many people are interested in today's theme.
It is a "samurai". Like a ninja, it appears in various works such as manga, movies, and dramas, but many people may not know it in detail.
Japan = Samurai Country
I think there are many people who say that. Now that the samurai are gone, today I will explain the roots of the samurai and what kind of people they are.
If you explain it in depth, it will be quite long like a ninja ...
Who is the samurai?
It is the name of people who had the status of bureaucrats in modern times from ancient times to the Middle Ages. Originally, there was a difference between the aristocratic samurai (military personnel now) and the samurai (servants who serve the lord), but gradually they were treated the same. When the ruling class by the aristocrats is laid down, the low-ranking samurai (samurai of the former peasant) will be treated as a samurai, and the samurai will not be a bureaucrat but a "samurai who has the right to participate in horse fighting". Became. In other words, in the old days, samurai and samurai were different, but as the times went by, the treatment changed and they were treated the same, and eventually the cavalry soldiers who participated in the war came to be called samurai. is. However. In this era, "samurai" was very vague and had such a broad meaning that there was no clear answer to "what kind of person is a samurai?"
He was treated like an aristocrat and had a higher status than agriculture and merchants.
In the Kamakura period (1183-1333), the lord was a shogun, and "a high-ranking samurai who served the shogun and became the lord of the land" came to be called a samurai.
The role of the samurai
Originally, he also did miscellaneous tasks to mean "a person who serves the lord", but his main job is to be involved in the military, and security, suppression of turmoil, war and work like police and the army It was the Lord.
From the Kamakura period, those who were given land by the government were called samurai, so some of them worked like landowners and town mayors. There were also samurai like mercenaries hired for money.
However, there is no doubt that "fighting and fighting" was the main task.
Samurai and Bushido
Bushido refers to the "idea" and "idea" of the samurai.
Bushido's politeness and knowledge differ depending on the lord who can use it, but in general, "bet your life on your own deeds", "take your life and protect your lord", "discard your own life if you fail" It was like that. What many of you know was born from this, "Seppuku". You cut your stomach with a knife yourself.
Take responsibility by cutting your stomach and dying when you make a serious mistake or commit a guilt. Is it a very dangerous idea in this era? It's scary. Seppuku and the death penalty are different. Actually, I'm still dying ...
Samurai and Japanese sword
A Japanese sword is a sword born in Japan. It was relatively recently called the Japanese sword, and in the days when the samurai were there, it was commonly called the sword.
Only a high-ranking samurai could carry a sword. However, from the Muromachi period to the Warring States period (1336-1573), security was poor, and many people in Japan had swords for self-defense. Also, as the war continued, a large number of cheap and poor quality swords were distributed to those who were drafted to wage war. Because of this, he escaped from the battlefield with his sword, and became a bandit as it was, increasing robbery and looting, and further deteriorating security.
Therefore, in 1588, the government carried out "sword hunting". Only high-ranking swords can be carried, and as soon as the townspeople and low-ranking swords are found, they are confiscated and collected.
At the end of the turbulent era, only high-ranking swords possessed swords. Yes, the "samurai" you imagine are the people of this era. A samurai with a high status came to have a high-quality sword, and it was said that "the quality of the sword he had = the height of his status". Also, at this time, merchants and peasants were low in status and could not defy the samurai. If you go against it, you will be killed with a sword. The high-ranking samurai did not have any penalties for doing this. It is the so-called 「斬り捨て御免(Kirisutegomen)」"slashing exemption".
For this reason, in the last days when there were many samurai, the samurai said, "The sword is the soul of a samurai," because it was regarded as "sword = symbol of status."
The end of the samurai
The status of "samurai" was abolished with the birth of the Meiji government in 1868, and the system was gradually changed and the land was confiscated. Then, in 1876, the sword was confiscated and prohibited from possession.
As a result, the former samurai who lost their jobs were assigned to various positions such as politicians, military personnel, bureaucrats, and police officers, and the existence of "samurai" disappeared.
How was everyone?
What I thought when I wrote this time was that the samurai was in a very vague position. And although there are many materials for "samurai", I thought that there were surprisingly few materials when I searched for materials for "samurai". I'm sorry that the explanation is difficult to understand.
I will continue to explain about Japan in my own way, so if you are interested, please come and read it again.
Up to here for this time.
See you.
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